Skip to main content

Soap

Soap↠


              Soap, in the form we know it today,was first produced by the Babylonians in around 2800 B.C.E. Clay cylinders containing a soap like material were found during excavations of Babylon. Engraved in the side of a cylinder was a recipe for boiling fats with ashes. 

                                                                                                                                                                               Soap works by acting an emulsifying agent. Each soap molecule consists of a long,fatty tail and an electrical charged head. In water the soap molecules from small spheres,called micelles,where the charged heads are on the outside and the water repelling fatty chains are in the middle. As dirt and greases are not soluble in water, they are contained within the micelles. The micelles can then be washed away,leaving behind a clean surface.   

                                         True soap was made by boiling oil and fat with alkaline salts to form glycerin and the salts of fatty acids. The salts are solid and are like the soap we use today. Sodium salts make hard soaps,while potassium salts produce a softer product. Calcium and emagnesium salts from an insoluble residue,the scum that soap produces in hard water

                                 The first hard white soap was produced in Spain from olive oil and the ashes of the salsola plant. However,it was only in the late nineteenth century,after processes for producing alkalis had been discovered,that there was a rapid expansion in the commercial production of Soap.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Antilock Braking System (ABS)

Antilock Braking System (ABS)             The Antilock Braking System (ABS) was designed by Frenchman Gabriel Voisin (1880-1973),originally as a way of preventing planes from swerving on landing. He first installed a system to keep airplane brakes from locking up 1920. Several decades later, after limited success with similar systems in cars a breakthrough came in 1978, when Mercedes-Benz announced the installation of electronic ABS in its S-Class car.              Theoretically, ABS can stop a serious car accident from occurring by allowing a driver to maintain control in slippery conditions or during an emergency stop. On an icy road, a car's wheels can lock up, sending the vehicle to spin. In cold cars that did not have ABS, drivers had to try to pump the brakes to prevent this. With ABS, the brakes are automatically pumped-the system senses the change in condition and alters the brake fluid pressure accordin...
Post a Comment
Read more

Facts about DEATH

 DEATH➽         Like birth, death too is a part of our life. When we think about it, our mind conjures up images of cemeteries and old people. But death can also come to younger people, through illness or accidents. The way bereavement is handled differs from person to person, and from culture to culture. Many also argue in favour of euthanasia, or mercy,killing,in a situation where a person is in a permanent state of coma or in extreme pain and agony due to an incurable disease.   What happens when people become old ❓     People get wrinkles on the skin and grey hair when they grew old.The actual ageing process takes place inside the body. The efficiency of the body cells goes down over the years.At some point of time,muscles start shrinking,sense organs like eye and ear grow weak,and the body's general energy level dips.Many old people appear confused;others remain alert till the end. In some cultures,old people take leave ...
Post a Comment
Read more

History of Alcoholic Drink

History of Alcoholic Drink➤           The accidental fermenta tion of a mixture of water and a sunlight is thought to have led to the first discovery of an alcoholic drink by a prehistoric people.Evidence of  intentionally fermented beverages exists in the form of Stone Age beer jugs dated as early as the Neolithic period (10,000B.C.E). Other jugs have been excavated in Southwest Asia and North Africa.                   Alcoholic bever ages have been an integral part of many,used as a source of nutrition, in meals, for celebrations, and also in religious ceremonies.Alcohol can give a sense of wellbeing,but also acts as a depressant, lowering behavioral inhibitions.                 Alcohol consumption became a status symbol for the wealthy. During the Middle Ages,concoctions were distilled to produce spirits.Alcohol has also served as a thirst quencher when wat...
Post a Comment
Read more